THE G.I. FACTOR: WHAT IS A BALANCED DIET?
May 8th, 2009 | Posted by admin | Category: DiabetesNo Comments
It makes sense to balance our food intake with the rate our bodies use it. This way, we maintain a steady weight. These days, however, this balance is difficult to achieve. It is very easy to overeat. Refined foods, convenience foods and fast foods frequently lack fibre and conceal fat so that before we feel full, we have overdosed on kilojoules. It is even easier not to exercise. It takes longer to walk somewhere than it does to drive (except perhaps in peak hour). With intake exceeding output on a regular basis, the result for too many of us is weight gain.
We need to adapt our lifestyle to our kilojoule-laden diet and fewer physical demands. It’s become very important to catch bursts of physical activity wherever we can to increase our energy output. It may mean using the stairs instead of the lift, taking a 10 minute walk at lunch time, coasting on a treadmill while you watch the news, reading on the stationary bike, making more effort in the garden, walking to the shops to get the Sunday paper, parking a kilometre from work, or taking the dog for a walk each night. Whatever it means, do it. Even housework burns kilojoules. All these seemingly small bursts of activity accumulate to increase our kilojoule output. You don’t have to take exercise seriously, just regularly.
While you work on increasing your kilojoule output, the G.I. factor can help you select the best foods to balance your intake. Its high carbohydrate basis ensures a filling diet which isn’t packed with kilojoules.
So, our first message is to reduce the amount of fat you eat. This applies to all sorts of fat: saturated, polyunsaturated, monounsaturated. (Caution: A low-fat diet is good for most of us, but it is not appropriate for children who rely on fat for growth.) But the flip side of this message is to eat more carbohydrate because this will automatically reduce your fat intake. The following chapters tell you how you can eat more carbohydrate and which foods you should choose to replace fatty foods. It also goes one step further and tells you which carbohydrates are best for health—and why.
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DIABETES IN CHILDREN: STATISTICS OF COMPLICATIONS
April 23rd, 2009 | Posted by admin | Category: DiabetesNo Comments
Eye complications (retinopathy)
The sensitive part of the eye that is responsible for vision is situated at the back of the eyeball and called the retina. The retina is composed of special nerve cells and these are supplied with blood by small arteries. In diabetes after many years, these arteries can become weakened and may leak blood or burst, giving small hemorrhages. Later on, scarring can take place and new blood vessels may develop and grow over the nerve cells, putting vision at risk.
The stage of mild blood vessel changes with small hemorrhages is called ‘background retinopathy’ and does not normally affect vision. It is said to develop in 60% of people after 15 years with diabetes and 90% of people after 30 years. These figures, which are based on adult observations, refer particularly to years after puberty. The early childhood years do not seem to count in calculating the duration of diabetes leading to complications. Perhaps the hormones that develop during adolescence and continue into adult life influence the development of complications.
These early changes may progress to more severe changes in some people with a risk of visual impairment. It is reported that after 15 years of diabetes, 5% of people with diabetes have developed this worsening of retinopathy and after 30 years, 8% have loss of vision.
The early signs of retinopathy can be detected during regular eye checks and if there are signs of deterioration or new vessel formation which would threaten vision, laser treatment (photocoagulation) can prevent further deterioration and preserve vision. Thus regular eye checks are important for a person with diabetes after the early teenage years.
Kidney complications
Within the kidney, the blood is filtered to remove waste products which are excreted by the body as urine. This process of filtering takes place in fine structures called glomeruli, and in diabetes the glomeruli can be affected, either through the small blood vessels within the glomeruli or by changes in the structure of the glomeruli themselves.
Up to 50% of people may show signs of kidney involvement and some may eventually go on to show signs of kidney failure. At that time, a renal transplant may be necessary.
Early signs of kidney involvement can be found by checking the urine for traces of the protein albumin. Albumin is a natural constituent of blood and if there is an alteration in the kidney due to diabetes, some of this albumin may leak out into the urine. There are other causes why albumin may appear in the urine apart from diabetes. In childhood, some of these are of no importance but all need to be checked out.
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